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@#Objective To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Qingguang’an Granules (青光安颗粒剂, QGAG) on mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats with chronic ocular hypertension (COH). Methods Sixty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, half males and half females, were randomly assigned to three groups: the control, model, and QGAG (2.5 g/kg) groups, with 20 rats in each group. Rats’ model of COH was established by cauterizing episcleral veins in the model group and QGAG group. Three weeks after successful modeling, rats in the QGAG group were intragastrically administered with QGAG, while rats in the control group and the model group received an equal dose of normal saline. After three months of intragastric administration, intraocular pressure (IOP) of all rats was measured. The mitophagy was monitored by the immunofluorescence method, the mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the JC-1 method, and the morphological changes of mitophagy in RGCs were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Meanwhile, rat RGCs were labeled using the fluorescent gold method, and RGCs density in each group was calculated. Moreover, RGCs apoptosis was observed by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. Finally, the expression levels of Parkin, optineurin, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II/microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-I (LC3-II/LC3-I), recombinant lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in RGCs were determined by Western blot assay. The corresponding mRNAs were detected through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results The QGAG reduced IOP in COH rats, and inhibited mitophagy and apoptosis of RGCs (P < 0.05). Besides, the QGAG significantly increased the expression levels of Parkin and Bcl-2 (P < 0.05), and inhibited the expression levels of optineurin, LAMP1, and LC3-II/LC3-I (P < 0.05) in RGCs of COH rats. Conclusion The QGAG can inhibit mitophagy in RGCs of COH rats and show a protective effect against optic nerve damage caused by glaucoma, which may be mediated through the mitophagy ubiquitination via the Parkin/PINK1-related pathway.
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Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) plus needling the distal acupoints along the pathway of meridians for shoulder periarthritis (SP). Methods: A total of 70 patients with SP were divided into an observation group and a control group using the random number table method, with 35 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group were treated by Tuina combined with needling distal acupoints along the pathway of meridians, while those in the control group only received the same Tuina treatment as in the observation group. The visual analog scale (VAS) and shoulder joint function were scored before and after treatment, and the efficacy after treatment was evaluated. Results: After three courses of treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was 94.3％, while the total effective rate of the control group was 80.0％, showing a statistical difference (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than the baseline scores (P<0.01), and the VAS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the total scores of internal rotation, external rotation, back touching, ear touching and motion function in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.01), and the above five scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Tuina combined with needling the distal acupoints along the pathway of meridians is more effective than Tuina alone in treating SP. The combined therapy can relieve the pain and improve joint function more effectively.
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Objective To investigate the geographic variation in the distribution and risk factors of cerebral artery diseases in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke. Methods All 9 346 continuously hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke in 20 hospitals from June 2015 to May 2016 were enrolled in j this multicenter study, using carotid ultrasonography and transcranial color-coded sonography/transcranial 1 doppler to evaluate the degree of extra- and intra- cranial arteries stenosis and verifying by CT angiography or magnetic resonance angiography. All patients were divided into the southern group and the northern group by the definition of the Huai River-Qinling Mountains line to compare the differences of the distribution and risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases. Meanwhile, all patients were divided into the lesion group (defined as the degree of stenosis more than 50% ) and the non-lesion group according to the degree of stenosis to compare the differences of baseline data and geographic distribution of cerebrovascular diseases. i Results The 2 561 northern patients and 6 785 northern patients were enrolled in the study. The proportion of patients with more than 50% degree of extra- and intra-cranial arteries stenosis was significantly higher in northern China than that in southern China (33. 1% [2 243/6 785 ] vs. 25. 0% [639/2 561 ], χ2= 57. 295, P <0.01). The proportions of northern patients with more than 50% degree of stenosis located in the extracranial segment of internal carotid artery, vertebral artery, subclavian artery, middle cerebral artery, the terminal segment of internal carotid artery, intracranial segment of the vertebral artery, and basilar artery were higher than those of southern patients (all P <0. 05). The proportion of patients with intracranial artery stenosis was higher than that with extracranial arteries stenosis in both southern and northern patients (χ2=2.790,P =0. 248). The distribution of arterial lesions in the anterior and posterior circulations was significantly different in southern and northern patients (χ2= 13. 433, P = 0. 001). The proportion of anterior circulation arteries stenosis was higher in southern patients than that in northern patients (58.5% [374/639] vs. 50.3% [1 129/2 243]). While the posterior circulation artery stenosis (27.2% [609/2 243]rs. 23.0% [147/639]) and combined anterior with posterior circulation artery stenosis (22.5%[505/2 243 ]vs. 18.5% [118/639]) were more common in northern patients compared to southern patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history of stroke, smoking, and obesity were independent risk factors of cerebral artery stenosis ( OR values were 1.006, 1.670, 1.202, 1.176, 1.546, 1.414 and 1. 230, allP<0.05). While living in northern China was an independent risk factor for cerebral arterial stenosis after modifying the aforementioned parameters ( OR = 1. 385, 95% CI: 1. 237 -1. 550, P < 0. 01). Conclusion The distribution and risk factors of cerebrovascular stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke were significantly different in the north and south of China.
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Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and eligibility of thumb-tack needle therapy based on meridian differentiation in treating cervical radiculopathy. Methods: A total of 70 patients with cervical radiculopathy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 35 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received thumb-tack needle based on conventional point selection, while those in the observation group received thumb-tack needle according to meridian differentiation. The visual analog scale (VAS) and clinical symptom scores in the two groups were compared before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy of the two treatments was observed. Results: After treatment, the VAS score in both groups dropped significantly (both P<0.01), and the VAS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The clinical symptoms score in both groups dropped significantly (all P<0.01), and the clinical symptoms score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Thumb-tack needle therapy based on meridian differentiation can reduce pain score, improve clinical symptoms in patients with cervical radiculopathy, and produce more significant efficacy compared with conventional thumb-tack needle therapy.
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Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus Western medicine in treating patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods: A total of 70 patients with DPN were divided into an observation group and a control group by sealed envelope method combined with the random number table method, with 35 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine medicine, and the observation group was treated with heat-sensitive moxibustion on the basis of the treatment in the control group. After 2 courses of treatment, the scores of Toronto clinical scoring system (TCSS) and vibration perception threshold (VPT) in both groups were observed, and the clinical efficacy was compared. Results: During treatment, 3 cases dropped out in the control group and 4 cases in the observation group. After treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of TCSS and VPT in both groups decreased after treatment, and the intra-group comparison showed statistical significance (both P<0.05). The scores of TCSS and VPT in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Heat-sensitive moxibustion plus Western medicine can improve the symptoms in patients with DPN, and has a better curative effect than the Western medicine alone.
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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at abdomen acupoints plus tuina for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH).Methods:A total of 70 patients with LIDH were randomized into an observation group and a control group,with 35 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with acupuncture at abdomen acupoints plus tuina,while the control group was treated only with tuina treatment.The clinical efficacy was observed after one course of treatment.Results:The cure rate and the total effective rate of the observation group were 83.3％ and 96.7％,respectively.The cure rate and the total effective rate of the control group were 39.4％ and 78.8％,respectively.There were significant differences in the cured rate and the total effective rate between the two groups (both P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05).After treatment,the JOA scores of both groups increased significantly,and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.05);the JOA score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture at abdomen acupoints plus tuina has a better therapeutic effect than tuina alone in the treatment of LIDH.
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Purpose To investigate the effect of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD) on the characteristics of breast cancer stem cells. Method PTPRD expression in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231 was down-regulated by small interference RNAs (siRNAs). Self-renewal ability of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) was detected by mammosphere formation assay. The holocolony forming ability was detected by colony formation assay. The proportion of CD44+/CD24- BCSCs was detected by flow cytometry. The ability of tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells in mice was sdudied with mouse tumorigenesis test. Separation of CD44+/CD24- stem cell population and non-stem cell population was isolated by immunomagnetic beads. Expression of PTPRD in stem cell and non-stem cell population was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescent. Results Down-regulation of PTPRD promoted the expression of stem cell markers ALDH1 and OCT-4. The expression of PTPRD in breast cancer stem cells was lower than than in non-stem cells (P<0.05). After PTPRD was down-regulated, the number of mammosphere (147±3.51) was significantly higher than that of the control group (106±12.5) (P<0.05), the proportion of holoclone [(35.9±3.4) ％] was significantly higher than that of the control group [(11.2±5.3) ％] (P<0.05), the proportion of CD44+/CD24- cells[(2.88±1.2) ％]was significantly higher than that of the control group [(0.6±0.4) ％], the in vivo tumorigenicity was significantly enhanced in nude mice (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of PTPRD is lower in BCSCs. PTPRD may inhibit the self-renewal ability of breast cancer stem cells.
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Objective:To study influence of amlodipine combined enalapril antihypertensive therapy on renal function in aged patients with essential hypertension (EH) complicated coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:A total of 120 aged EH + CHD patients in our hospital from Feb 2014 to Apr 2016 were enrolled.Patients were randomly and equally divided into amlodipine group,enalapril group and combined treatment group (received amlodipine com-bined enalapril treatment ),all groups were treated for 12 weeks.Total effective rate,standard-reaching condition of blood pressure,urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER),levels of serum creatinine (Scr),cystatin C (CysC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) before and after treatment,and incidence of adverse reactions were measured and com-pared among three groups.Results:There was no significant difference in total effective rate among three groups,P＝0.139.Compared with amlodipine group and enalapril group,there was significant reduction in standard-reaching time of blood pressure [ (10.84 ± 2.79) months vs.(10.75 ± 3.31) months vs.(8.20 ± 1.46) months] in com-bined treatment group,P＝0.001 all.Compared with before treatment,after 12-week treatment,there were sig-nificant reductions in UAER,levels of Scr,serum CysC and BUN in amlodipine group and combined treatment group,P＜0.05 or ＜ 0.01;compared with amlodipine group and enalapril group after 12-week treatment,there were significant reductions in UAER [(130.55 ± 12.72) μg/min vs.(135.63 ± 17.64) μg/min vs.(112.25 ± 13.34) μg/min],levels of Scr [ (79.32 ± 6.13) μmol/L vs.(80.25 ± 5.97) μmol/L vs.(68.04 ± 5.56) μmol/L],serum CysC [ (1.14 ± 0.23) mg/L vs.(1.21 ± 0.26) mg/L vs.(0.76 ± 0.17) mg/L] and BUN [ (5.16 ± 1.13) mmol/L vs.(5.79 ± 1.03) mmol/L vs.(4.23 ± 0.56) mmol/L] in combined treatment group,and BUN level of amlodip-ine group was significantly lower than that of enalapril group,P＜0.05 or ＜0.01.There was no significant differ-ence in incidence rate of adverse reactions during treatment among three groups,P＝0.757.Conclusion:Small dose amlodipine combined enalapril is effective on controlling blood pressure in aged EH + CHD patients.Compared with monotherapy,it possesses better protection on renal function with high safety,which is worth extending.
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Objective:To observe the clinical effect of tuina plus foot bath with Chinese medicine for patients with diabetic foot (DF) in early stage.Methods:A total of 70 patients with early-stage DF were randomly allocated by the random number table into two groups,with 35 cases in each group.Patients in the control group received conventional medication,while patients in the observation group received tuina plus foot bath with Chinese medicine on the basis of conventional medication.The clinical efficacy was compared after 2 courses of treatment.Results:After treatment,intra-group comparisons of ankle-brachial index (ABI) showed statistical significance in both groups (both P＜0.05).The curative rate was 83.3％ in the observation group,with the total effective rate of 96.7％,versus 29.4％ and 76.5％ in the control group,respectively,and the between-group comparisons showed statistical significance (both P＜0.05),indicating a better effect in the observation group.Conclusion:Tuina plus foot bath with Chinese medicine has a good therapeutic effect for DF patients in early stage.
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Intellectual disability is defined as a group of diseases with generally mental function significantly lower than the same age level, accompanied by adaptive behavior defectiveness in a developmental stage. Hyperactivity is a common symptom of intellectual disability in children. In addition to clinical rehabilitation training, TCM treatment for this disease also achieved better efficacy. This article expounded tonifying essence and blood, promoting coronary circulation and nourishing the brain, and tranquilizing through the thoughts of classification treatment of viscera classification syndromes, the treatment of meridians, and separate treatment for san jiao, and combination of acupuncture and TCM, which have achieved satisfactory efficacy.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling at Yintang (GV 29) plus ginger-partitioned moxibustion in treating allergic rhinitis.Method Seventy patients with allergic rhinitis were randomized into a treatment group and a control group,35 cases each.The treatment group was intervened by warm needling at Yintang (GV 29) plus ginger-partitioned moxibustion;the control group was treated with conventional medication.After 4-week treatment,the clinical efficacies of the two groups were compared.Result The markedly effective rate and total effective rate were respectively 83.9％ and 96.8％ in the treatment group,versus 56.3％ and 75.0％ in the control group,and the between-group differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Warm needling at Yintang (GV 29) plus ginger-partitioned moxibustion is an effective approach in treating allergic rhinitis.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations of liver lobe-based magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging findings using multiple b values with the presence and Child-Pugh class of cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis B. METHODS: Seventy-four cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B and 25 healthy volunteers underwent diffusion-weighted imaging using b values of 0, 500, 800 and 1000 sec/mm2. The apparent diffusion coefficients of individual liver lobes for b(0,500), b(0,800) and b(0,1000) were derived from the signal intensity averaged across images obtained using b values of 0 and 500 sec/mm2, 0 and 800 sec/mm2, or 0 and 1000 sec/mm2, respectively, and were statistically analyzed to evaluate cirrhosis. RESULTS: The apparent diffusion coefficients for b(0,500), b(0,800) and b(0,1000) inversely correlated with the Child-Pugh class in the left lateral liver lobe, the left medial liver lobe, the right liver lobe and the caudate lobe (r=-0.35 to -0.60, all p<0.05), except for the apparent diffusion coefficient for b(0,1000) in the left medial liver lobe (r=-0.17, p>0.05). Among these parameters, the apparent diffusion coefficient for b(0,500) in the left lateral liver lobe best differentiated normal from cirrhotic liver, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.989. The apparent diffusion coefficient for b(0,800) in the right liver lobe best distinguished Child-Pugh class A from B-C and A-B from C, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.732 and 0.747, respectively. CONCLUSION: Liver lobe-based apparent diffusion coefficients for b(0,500) and b(0,800) appear to be associated with the presence and Child-Pugh class of liver cirrhosis. .
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Hepatitis B/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Liver Diseases/complications , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
As a protein originally found in plant pathogenic bacteria, transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) can be fused with the cleaving domain of restriction endonuclease (For example Fok I) to form artificial nucleases named TALENs. These proteins are dependent on variable numbers of tandem Repeats of TALEs to recognize and bind DNA sequences. Each of these repeats consists of a set of approximately 34 amino acids, composed of about 32 conserved amino acids and 2 highly variable amino acids called repeat variant di-residues (RVDs). RVDs distinguish one TALE from another and can make TALEs have a simple cipher for the one-to-one recognition for proteins and DNA bases. Based on this, in theory, artificially constructed TALENs could recognize and break DNA sites specifically and arbitrarily to perform gene knockout, insertion or modification. We reviewed the development of this technology in multi-level and multi species, and its advantages and disadvantages compared with ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas technology. We also address its special advantages in industrial microbe breeding, vector construction, targeting precision, high efficiency of editing and biological safety.
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Amino Acid Motifs , Biotechnology , DNA , Chemistry , Endonucleases , Chemistry , Tandem Repeat Sequences , Trans-Activators , ChemistryABSTRACT
This study was aimed to sort the side population (SP) cells from human multiple myeloma cell lines, then detect the biological characteristics of those SP cells. After Hoechst33342 staining, intracellular Hoechst33342 fluorescence staining differences of myeloma cell lines observed by the fluorescence microscopy. The fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technology was used to isolate SP cells and main population (MP) cells; proliferative capacity in vitro was determined by cell growth curve; the cell colony forming ability was compared by colony forming test. The CD138 expression was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of ABCG2 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription PCR; CCK-8 assay and colony forming test were used to evaluate the effect of bortezomib on the cell proliferation, vitality and colony forming ability of the two populations. The results showed that the myeloma cell lines had a small proportion of SP cells, especially, RPMI 8226 cells accounted for the highest proportion of SP cells (7.10 ± 2.69)%, which have also been confirmed under the fluorescence microscope; the proliferative activity and cell colony forming ability of SP cells were significantly higher than those of MP cells (P < 0.05). The expression levels of CD138 in SP and MP cells were not significantly different (P > 0.05). RT-PCR results showed that SP cells expressed the drug-resistance gene ABCG2, but MP cells hardly express these genes. The inhibition rate of bortezomib on SP cells was significantly lower than that on MP cells (P < 0.05), however, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05) at bortezomib 40 nmol/L. Bortezomib could reduce colony formation in the both two cell populations, but more severe reduction appeared in the MP cells. It is concluded that the myeloma cell line contain a small amount of SP cells with the cancer stem cell characteristics.
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Humans , Cell Line, Tumor , Cytological Techniques , Methods , Multiple Myeloma , Neoplastic Stem Cells , Cell Biology , Side-Population Cells , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the clinical efficacy of acupuncture pretreatment for the prevention of stroke based on promoting the circulation of the Governor Vessel and regulating mentality, and explore its effect mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy cases of transient ischemic attack (TIA) were randomized into an acupuncture group (35 cases) and a western medicine group (35 cases). In the acupuncture group, acupuncture therapy of promoting the circulation of the Governor Vessel and regulating mentality was applied at Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Mingmen (GV 4), Zhiyang (GV 9), Shenzhu (GV 12), Dazhui (GV 14), Yamen (GV 15), Fengfu (GV 16), Baihui (GV 20) and Neck-Jiaji (EX-B 2). Acupuncture was given 6 times a week, at the interval of one day between two weeks. Totally, 21 days of treatment were taken as a session. In the western medicine group, aspirin enteric coated tablets were prescribed, 25 mg/tablet, 100 mg/day, once a night for oral administration, and 21 days of medication were taken as 1 session. There were 3 days at the interval between two sessions in each group and totally 2 sessions were required. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was adopted before treatment and in two sessions of treatment to observe, mean flow velocity (Vm) of middle cerebral artery (MCA), vertebral artery (VA), basilar arte ry (BA) and pulsatility index (PI). The standard of the efficacy assessment of stroke aura was taken as the main efficacy index in the assessment of theraputic effect, the adverse reaction was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1In TIA, MCA blood flow was accelerated in internal carotid system, and BA blood flow was accelerated in vertebral-basilar artery system. The treatments in the two groups enabled the blood flow in the responsible blood vessels slow down and the results in the acupuncture group L(60. 54+/-11.76)cm/s, (36. 17+/-8. 65)cm/s] were better than those in the western medicine group [(72. 34+/-9. 15)cm/s,(65. 23 +/-8. 99)cm/s] (P<O. 05). 2The results of clinical efficacy and adverse reactions in the acupuncture group [96. 77% (30/31),6. 45% (2/31)] were superior to the western medicine group [75. 76%(25/33),45. 46%(15/33)] (both P<0. 05). 3Concerning to the recurrence of disease at the different period after treatment, the case number of cerebral infarction was not different significantly between the two groups (P>0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture intervention based on promoting the circulation of the Governor Vessel and regulating mentality achieves the superior efficacy on TIA and less adverse reactions as compared with aspirin. The effect mechanism is related potentially to the improvement of cerebral vascular hemodynamic.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acupuncture Therapy , Stroke , Therapeutics , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This research focused on analyzing the differences of 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences on Swertia mussotii and its commonly used adulterants, including S. franchetiana, S. wolfangiana and S. chirayita.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>DNA was extracted from the collected Swertia samples. 5S rRNA intergenic spacers were amplified by PCR, sequenced and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>5S rRNA gene spacer sequences were different between S. mussotii and its other three adulterants. Sequence divergence among species ranged from 30.6% to 65.0%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>5S rRNA spacers may be used as molecular authentication markers to differentiate S. mussotii and other commonly used Swertia adulterants. This result provides reliable and simple reference for the authentication of Swertia genus species.</p>
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Base Sequence , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Ribosomal, 5S , Genetics , Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid , Swertia , Classification , GeneticsABSTRACT
The mechanics of a new shape memory alloy cervical hook for atlantoaxial instability was analyzed with finite element method on the basis of a three-dimensional model reconstructed from the images of CT scanning of an adult cadaveric upper cervical at 1-mm interval. The stress and displacement of every nodule and element in the course of deformation of the internal fixation were tested, and the results showed that the cervical hook was strong enough against tensile stress, which concentrates in the middle of the device. The pull was 237.58 N at the loading point. With such mechanical performance, this cervical hook can be reliable for correction of atlantoaxial instability.
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Adult , Humans , Male , Alloys , Atlanto-Axial Joint , Cadaver , Finite Element Analysis , Joint Instability , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , Memory , Orthopedic Fixation Devices , Reference Standards , Orthopedic Procedures , Methods , Radiography , Reproducibility of Results , Tensile StrengthABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) on pulmonary vascular structural remodeling in rats and pika.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Wistar rats which reside at 2 260 m were carried to 3 417 m. After they were fed 24 hours,2 weeks and 3 weeks respectively, the level of VEGF and ET-1 were measured using a kit by ELISA method. Pulmonary tissue was taken out to stain with elastica-Van Gieson. The amount of pulmonary arteries (< 100 microm) and the component ratio of MA, PMA,and NMA were calculated by using a light microscope. The ratio of right ventricle weight to left ventricle plus septum weight (RV/LV + S) were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ET-1 was significantly different in pika as compared with 24 h, 2 weeks, 3 weeks hypoxic rats (P < 0.01) respectively. The levels of VEGF in 2 weeks, 3 weeks rats were much higher than that of pika but no difference was found between pika and 24 h hypoxic rats. The ratio of MA, PMA obviously increased, and NMA decreased significantly, right ventricular hypertrophy was developed in differ groups of hypoxic rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The VEGF and ET-1 participate the muscularization of pulmonary vessels during hypoxia and play an important role in the process of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats, however the VEGF and ET-1 may be maintainable only normal organic function in pika.</p>
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Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Endothelin-1 , Metabolism , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Metabolism , Hypoxia , Metabolism , Lagomorpha , Lung , Pulmonary Artery , Metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the modal of perfusing and casting in hepatic duct system and explore the methods of three dimensional reconstruction with CT scanning image after filling hepatic duct.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All canal of livers with integral porta hepatic were perfused with various filling material after pretreatment, then fixed and casted. Hepatic preparations that had been perfused were put into the model of modelling abdominal cavity and scanned with thin slice. The three dimensional duct structures of hepatic with three methods of MIP, SSD and computerized treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fourteen hepatic samples were filled and casted. Nine hepatic samples were scanned with slice height 1.0 mm, all 2514 slice images and average 279 images. Five hepatic samples were scanned with slice height 3.0 mm, all 512 slice images and average 102 images. Intrahepatic vein and portal vein system of three dimensional reconstruction were seen clearly with MIP method. The three dimensional established three dimensional images with SSD method was shown much stronger than that of MIP method. The three dimensional images of hepatic solid and hepatic vein system were established with method of comperized treatment. Vary three dimensional shape of hepatic solid and hepatic vein was obtained through different direction rotational.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The modal filled and casted hepatic duct system were practise. The images established three dimensional with methods of MIP, SSD and comperized treatment were seen clearly. The modal and images of thin slice CT scanning are a better method for researching hepatic duct system.</p>